胃癌分子分型研究进展

Research progress of molecular type of gastric cancer

胃癌是发病率及致死率较高的一种恶性肿瘤。胃癌的病理分型是以组织形态结构和细胞生物学特性为基础,不同类型的胃癌,其形态结构和生物学行为各异,流行病学和分子机制亦不同,以致现有的胃癌病理分型系统众多。以往常用的病理分型包括Borrmann分型、Lauren分型和WHO分型,已有的这些胃癌分型对临床指导意义有限。最新的研究对295例胃癌进行综合性分子分析,这是癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)计划工作的一部分,基于对所得数据的分析整合,提出了一种新的胃癌分子分型,将其分为四个亚型:EBV感染型;微卫星不稳定(MSI)型;基因组稳定(GS)型;染色体不稳定(CIN)型。该研究于2014年7月23日在《nature》在线发表,新发现的胃癌分子分型有助于胃癌个体化治疗靶向药物的筛选。本文将对胃癌的分子分型研究展开综述。

Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which has higher incidence and mortality rate. Its pathological type is based on the morphological structure of tissue and cell biological characteristics. Not only morphological structure and biological characteristics but epidemiology and molecular mechanism are also different for each type, which makes so many typing systems come out. Usual pathological types include Borrmann type, Lauren type and WHO type. All these types have limited significance for clinic. The latest research analyzed 295 primary gastric carcinomas at comprehensive molecular stage, which is also a part of TCGA（The Cancer Genome Atlas） project. Ultimately, they put forward a new typing system which divided gastric cancer into four types including tumor positive for Epstein-Barr virus（EBV）, microsatellite instable（MSI） tumors, genomically stable（GS） tumors and tumor with chromosomal instability（CIN）. The study was published in the ‘nature＇ online in July 23, 2014, which contributed to targeted drug screening of individualized treatment of gastric cancer. This paper reviewed the development of gastric cancer molecular type.