胶州湾河口湿地土壤有机碳及氮含量空间分布特征研究

Spatial distribution of soil carbon and nitrogen in Jiaozhou Bay estuarine wetlands

为了了解胶州湾河口湿地土壤碳氮的空间分布特征,2011年11月对该区域土壤有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、总磷(TP)以及pH、盐度、含水量进行了测定与分析。结果表明,1)胶州湾河口湿地TOC、TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N以及TP含量分布总体随深度增加而下降,除TOC(P=0.022)外,TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP含量的剖面差异极显著(P<0.01)。碱蓬湿地和芦苇湿地中,NH4+-N的垂直变异系数均大于NO3--N;2)胶州湾河口湿地土壤中氮的主要存在形式为有机氮。芦苇湿地表层土壤中TOC含量高于碱蓬湿地,而碱蓬湿地TN、TP含量高于芦苇湿地;3)胶州湾河口湿地土壤中TN、TP与TOC极显著相关(P<0.01),淹水对NO3--N、NH4+-N的产生和迁移均产生一定程度的影响;4)与其他滨海湿地生态系统对比,胶州湾湿地土壤中营养元素含量较为丰富,TOC、TN、NO3--N以及NH4+-N均处于较高水平。陆源是胶州湾河口湿地有机质的主要来源,且湿地中有机碳腐殖化程度较高。

In order to elucidate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil carbon and nitrogen in Jiaozhou Bay estuarine wetlands,soil TOC,TN,NO3^--N,NH4^＋-N,TP,pH,salinity and water content were measured and analyzed in November,2011.1）Soil TOC,TN,NO3^--N,NH4^＋-N and TP decreased significantly with the increasing soil depth.The coefficient of variation for NH4^＋-N was higher than that of NO3^--N in reed and Suaedawetlands.2）The main form of nitrogen was organic.The TOC content in the surface soil of reed wetland was higher than that of Suaeda wetland,while TN and TP contents of Suaeda wetland were higher than those of reed wetland.3）There was a significant correlation between TN and TP and TOC.Flooding influenced the generation and migration of NO3^--N and NH4^＋-N.4）Compared with other coastal wetland ecological systems,Jiaozhou Bay estuarine soils were high in TOC,TN,NO3^--N and NH4^＋-N.Surrounding land is the main source of organic matter for these wetlands which are in an advanced stage of humification.