含水量及添加剂对燕麦捆裹青贮品质的影响

Effects of different moisture contents and additives on the quality of baled oat silage

为了搞清不同含水量和添加剂对燕麦青贮发酵品质的影响,试验设置2个含水量（45%-50%,65%-70%）和5个添加剂处理进行研究。5个添加剂处理分别为玉米粉（4%）、尿素（0.4%）、Synlac Dry（0.002g/kg）、SilaMax 200（0.0025g/kg）和直接青贮（CK）。以灌浆期全株燕麦为青贮原料,捆裹青贮40d后取样,测定其营养指标、发酵指标和主要微生物类群数量。结果表明,含水量与添加剂对燕麦青贮发酵品质的影响非常显著。与45%-50%含水量相比,65%-70%含水量下各处理的CP、主要有机酸含量和LAB数量比较稳定;NDF、ADF、WSC和M＆Y数量降低,青贮效果较优。与CK相比,最佳含水量下玉米粉和尿素处理的青贮燕麦NDF、ADF、NH3-N均显著增加（P〈0.05）,WSC显著减少。Sila-Max 200处理的NDF、ADF含量最低（P〈0.05）,分别为52.12%和32.14%;LA含量最高,LAB数量也显著提高（P〈0.05）,抑制了好氧细菌的生长繁殖,效果优于Synlac Dry,青贮品质最佳。综上所述,在65%-70%原料含水量条件下选择合适添加剂处理可显著提高燕麦青贮品质。

In order to study the effects of different moisture contents and additives on the quality of baling oat silage,a 2×5 experiment was designed.Baling oat harvested at grain filling stage was wilted to target moisture contents（45%-50% and 65%-70%）and treated with corn flour（4%）,urea（0.4%）,Synlac Dry（0.002g/kg）,Sila-Max 200（0.0025g/kg）,or directly baled without additives（CK）.After 40 densiling,nutrition and fermentation were measured,and microbial counts and community analysis were undertaken by plate-culture.Moisture contents and additives had significant effects on silage quality.Compared with those at 45%-50% moisture content,treatments at 65%-70% moisture content had more stable CP,main organic acids and lactic acid bacteria（LAB）,lower acid detergent fiber（ADF）,neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,water soluble carbohydrate（WSC）and mould and yeast（MY）counts,showing a better ensiling effectiveness.In contrast with CK,flour and urea treatments at 65%-70% moisture content had higher NDF,ADF and NH3-N contents,but lower WSC.Sila-Max 200 led to the lowest NDF and ADF contents（52.12% and 32.14%,respectively）,the highest lactic acid and significantly increased LAB,thus inhibiting aerobic microorganisms and achieving the best silage performance.In conclusion,adding suitable additives to oat with 65%-70% moisture content could signficantly improve the oat silage quality.