摘要
目的:人造草皮的全球性应用以及运动员参与程度促使我们有必要研究它对足球运动员的损伤因素。本研究旨在调查在天然草皮与人工草皮上女足运动员与草皮之间的相互作用。方法:8位大学水平的女足运动员分别在常规天然草皮球场(NT)和3G人工草皮球场(AT)上表演非预期30o和60o切削动作。用一台自动动作捕捉系统(Coda Sport CXS System,200Hz)对切割动作减速早期3D踝和膝关节角度进行量化,从足部着地到承重达到着地阶段20%对其进行确定。用双因素(切割角度,草皮)方差对其差异进行统计学分析,α水平设为p<0.05,并报告Cohen’sd效应量。结果:在人工草皮上发现有膝外翻和内旋转减少的趋势,这表明膝损伤风险降低。这一发现说明人工草皮并不亚于天然草皮,并可能会降低膝损伤风险。在人工草皮上足部着地时踝关节对背屈和内翻程度增加影响很大,踝关节内翻和外旋转程度增大也受到很大影响。结论:这些发现为女球员在人工草皮上踢球提供了支持,且并未证明在人工草皮上踢球损伤风险会增加。脚踝反应不明确,需要进一步研究。这一初步研究为更细致的研究提供了平台;强调随着人工草皮引入,探索足球运动及损伤的生物力学变化非常重要。
Purpose： The globalisation of artificial turf and the increase in player participation has driven the need to examine injury risk in the sport of football. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface--player interaction in female football players between natural and artificial turf.
Methods： Eight university level female football players performed an unanticipated cutting manoeuvre at an angle of 30° and 60°, on a regulation natural grass pitch （NT） and a 3G artificial turf pitch （AT）. An automated active maker system （CodaSport CXS System, 200 Hz） quantified 3D joint angles at the ankle and knee during the early deceleration phase of the cutting, defined from foot strike to weight acceptance at 20% of the stance phase. Differences were statistically examined using a two-way （cutting angle, surface） ANOVA, with an α level of p 〈 0.05 and Cohen＇s d effect size reported.
Results： A trend was observed on the AT, with a reduction in knee valgus and internal rotation, suggesting a reduced risk of knee injury. This findings highlight that AT is no worse than NT and may have the potential to reduce the risk of knee injury. The ankle joint during foot strike showed large effects for an increase dorsiflexion and inversion on AT. A large effect for an increase during weight acceptance was observed for ankle inversion and external rotation on AT.
Conclusion： These findings provide some support for the use of AT in female football, with no evidence to suggests that there is an increased risk of injury when performing on an artificial turf. The ankle response was less clear and further research is warranted. This initial study provides a platform for more detailed analysis, and highlights the importance of exploring the biomechanical changes in performance and injury risk with the introduction of AT.
