综合医院医院感染横断面调查分析

Cross-sectional survey of nosocomial infections in a general hospital

目的了解医院感染现状,为提高医院感染管理水平提供科学依据。方法采取定时横断面调查的方法,对2012年4-9月所有住院患者进行每月2次、合计12次的调查,调查结果采用χ2检验进行统计分析。结果应查患者12 792例,实查12 344例,实查率为96.50%;发生医院感染385例、399例次,医院感染率3.12%、例次感染率3.23%;感染部位由高到低依次是下呼吸道、上呼吸道、泌尿道,分别占41.30%、11.69%、10.13%;感染率最高的科室是ICU,感染率为37.86%;医院感染主要分离菌为革兰阴性菌占56.35%;抗菌药物使用率为52.72%,其中,治疗性使用抗菌药物占62.20%,预防性使用占37.95%,治疗性使用抗菌药物标本送检率35.99%。结论连续半年、定时进行的医院感染横断面调查,客观真实地反映了医院感染现状。

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of nosocomial infections so as to provide scientific basis for improvement of level of infection control.METHODS By means of the regular cross-sectional survey,all of the patients who were hospitalized from Apr to Sep 2012 were investigated twice a month,12 times in total,and the statistical analysis was performed for the survey results by using chi-square test.RESULTS A total of 12 792 pa-tients were expected to investigate,and 12 344 patients were actually investigated with the actual investigation rate of 96.50%.The nosocomial infections occured in 385 cases（399 case-times）with the infection rate of 3.12% and the case-time infection rate of 3.23%.The lower respiratory tract,upper respiratory tract,and urinary tract were the major infection sites,accounting for 41.30%,11.69%,and 10.13%,respectively.The incidence of nosoco-mial infections was the highest in the ICU （37.86%）.The gram-negative bacteria were dominant among the isola-ted pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infections.The utilization rate of antibiotics was 52.72%;of the pa-tients who used antibiotics,the patients who used therapeutic antibiotics accounted for 62.20%,and the patients who used prophylactic antibiotics accounted for 37.95%.The submission rate of specimens for therapeutic use of antibiotics was 35.99%.CONCLUSION The regular cross-sectional survey of nosocomial infections for consecutive half a year has obj ectively reflected the current status of nosocomial infections.