关于铁路公益性理论的研究

Study on Railway Public Benefit Theory

从公益自身的概念出发,对铁路是否具有公益性进行分析,并根据公共产品理论和外部性理论对铁路公益性进行界定。认为铁路在一定条件或一定范围内具有公益性特征,这种具有公益性特征的客货运输产品,具有极强的正外部性,属于公共产品或准公共产品,该类产品由于运价的管制或运量的不饱和等因素导致收入低于成本,而铁路运输企业又无法放弃该亏损业务,因此,需要政府履行公益责任,对铁路企业进行补偿。

Starting from the public benefit theory itself, whether railway has public benefit was analyzed in this paper, and the definition of railway public benefit was taken according to public product theory and externality theory. Railway is considered having characteristics of public benefit under certain condition and in certain scope, and passenger transport product with these characteristics has strong positive externality and belongs to public product or quasi public product. For the factors of above product, like tariff control or unsaturated traffic volume cause its price below the cost, while railway transport enterprise cannot abandon its unprofitable operation, so government was required to perform the public benefit responsibility and make compensation for railway enterprises