高校专利商业化中的企业需求驱动策略研究

Research on the Driven Strategies of Enterprise's Need in Universities' Patent Commercialization

企业是高校专利商业化运用的市场主体,高校在专利商业化过程中加强对企业需求的管理是实现高校专利技术与市场应用对接的最佳途径,有利于促进高校专利的商业化运用。文章借鉴产业营销领域的客户需求理论,将高校和企业视为专利商业化情境中的供给方和需求方,从专利技术产品、服务和关系三个方面阐述企业需求的具体内容,并根据需求内容的差异将企业需求区分为产品主导型、服务主导型和关系主导型三种类型,将高校专利商业化活动驱动下的企业需求演化过程分为企业需求形成、企业需求累积增长、企业需求演变三个阶段,结合企业需求的内容及类型研究高校在不同阶段的企业需求驱动策略。研究结论对于我国高校的专利商业化运营机制的建立以及商业化实践具有一定参考价值。

Enterprises constitute the main body of patent utilizations. Strengthening the management of enterprise needs is the most effective way of making university patent and market application to be jointed. It is helpful to make universities＇ patents enter the market.Based on the theory of consumers in the industry, university and enterprise can be regard as supply side and demand side in the context of university patent commercialization. Patent, service and relation are the basic elements of enterprise needs which can be divided into three types, namely, the product dominant type, the service dominant type and the relation dominant type. Enterprise needs are changing under the influence of university activities. This paper divided the changing process of enterprise needs into three phases, i.e. formation,growth and evolution, then studied the driven strategies in each phases. The conclusion has the important revelatory function to the formation of patent operation mechanism and the practice of patent commercialization in universities.