氮高效水稻种质资源筛选及相关特性分析

Selection of Rice Germplasm with High Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Its Analysis of the Related Characters

在不施氮和施氮量180 kg/hm22个水平下,对45份水稻种质的氮吸收与利用等相关性状进行分析,并根据参试品种在2个施氮水平下的产量差异将其分为双高效型、高氮高效型、低氮高效型和双低效型等4种类型,重点研究不同氮效率水稻产量、吸氮量以及氮素利用率等性状的相关性及差异分析。结果表明,单株子粒重、单株秸秆重、植株吸氮量和氮生理利用率变幅分别为4.50-29.65 g、6.35-18.70 g、4.80-21.28 g/m2和19.88-62.05 g/g。无论是在低氮还是高氮水平下,水稻产量与有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、生物量、子粒吸氮量、吸氮量和氮生理利用率均呈显著或极显著正相关,与子粒和秸秆氮浓度呈显著负相关。4种氮效率类型品种间的产量与生物量、吸氮量和氮生理利用率差异均达到极显著水平,双高效型和高氮高效型水稻受氮肥的影响最大,低氮高效型水稻受氮肥的影响最小。研究认为,青马早和陆财早不论是在低氮还是高氮水平下均表现出氮高效利用特性,为典型氮高效型;广陆矮4号在低氮水平下表现出氮高效利用特性,适于低氮条件种植,为典型耐低氮型;早89-01和早籼152在高氮水平下表现出氮高效利用特性,适于高氮条件种植。

The relativity characters of the nitrogen absorption and utilization were analysed under two levels of N supply （0 and 180 kg/hm2 ） by using forty five rice germplasms, which were divided into four types based on grain yield under two N rates, such as efficient- efficient （ EE）, inefficient- efficient （ IE）, inefficient- inefficient （II） and ef- ficient-inefficient（EI）. Focus on the research of variance analysis and correlation among characters related to grain yield, the N accumulation （NA）and nitrogen-use efficiency （NUE）between different types. The results showed that the range of variance of grain yield per plant, straw yield per plant, the NA and physiological N use efficiency （PNUE） were 4. 50-29. 65 g, 6. 35-18.70 g, 4. 80-21.28 g/m2 and 19.88 - 62. 05 g/g, respectively. Grain yield was significantly positively associated with effect panicles per plant（ EP）, spikelets per panicle （SP）, seed setting rate（ SSR）, the BA, the N accumulation in grain（ NAG）, the NA and PNUE and significantly negatively associated with the N concentration in grain（NCG） and N concentration in straw（NCS） whether in low-nitrogen or high-nitro- gen conditions. There were significantly different between grain yield （GY） with BA, NA and PNUE for four types of rice. EE and IE were the most influence by nitrogen fertilizer, EI was the least. The research showed that Qing mazao,Lucaizao, Guangluai 4 ,Zao89-01 and Zao xian152 had been selected for tolerance-low nitrogen and high NUE type, among them, Qing ma zao and Lu cai zao is the typical high NUE type that showed higher, stable yield whether in low-nitrogen or high-nitrogen eonditions;Guang lu ai 4 was the typical tolerance-low type that showed higher yield in low-nitrogen and suitable planted in poor soil,however,Zao89-01 and Zao xian152 were suitably planted in fertilize soil that showed higher yield in high-nitrogen conditions.