水稻新品种测试的标准品种DNA指纹图谱多样性分析

Analysis on the Diversity of DNA Fingerprinting of the Example Varieties Used for the Test of Rice New Varieties

以植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性（DUS）测试指南中选定的49个水稻标准品种为材料,采用农业行业标准（NY/1433-2077）中推荐的24对水稻SSR引物进行DNA指纹图谱构建和遗传多样性分析。结果表明,24对SSR引物在19个籼稻和30个粳稻品种中分别检测到141和156个等位变异,平均每对引物可以检测到5.88（籼稻）和6.50（粳稻）个等位变异;籼、粳稻类群中24对SSR引物的平均Shannon＇s多样性指数分别为1.5141（1.0460-1.9959）和1.4389（0.4677-2.4503）;经聚类分析后,籼、粳稻群体内品种间的相似系数分别介于0.45-0.81和0.36-0.76,取相似系数0.72为阈值,可将19个籼稻和30个粳稻品种分别分为16类和28类。由此可见,本研究的49个品种的遗传多样性丰富。结合形态性状和基因型聚类分析结果,可将现有的49个水稻DUS测试标准品种减少到46个。

Using the 24 SSR markers recommended by ＂Sector Standard of Agriculture（ NY/1433-2077 ）＂, this study analyzed the DNA fingerprint and genetic diversity of the 49 rice varieties （ the example varieties listed in ＂Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability（DUS） Test Guideline for Rice New Varieties＂）. The results showed that 141 and 156 alleles could be amplified by the 24 SSR primers in 19 indica rice varieties and 30 japonica rice varieties respectively, meaning each pair of primers could amplify 5.88 alleles（ indica rice）and 6.50 alleles（japonica rice）. The average shannon＇s diversity indexes of the 24 SSR primers were 1. 5141 （ 1. 0406-1. 9959） and 1. 4389 （0. 4677-2. 4503 ）for indica and japonica group respectively. Based on the results of cluster analysis,the similarity coefficient of varieties within indica and japonica rice group were 0.45-0.81 and 0.36-0.76 respectively, and 19 varieties of indica ,＇ice and 30 varieties of japonica rice could be sorted into 16 sets and 28 sets respectively using similarity coeffecient of 0.72 as threshold. Thus, the genetic diversity of the 49 rice varieties was rich. Based on the consideration of cluster analysis of morphological characteristics （previous results）and genetic diversity, the number of example varieties used in Rice DUS test could be reduced from 49 to 46.