汽车前纵梁正面碰撞仿真及其优化研究

Front Crash Simulation and Optimization Research of Vehicle Front Longitudinal Beam

前纵梁是汽车前碰撞中的主要吸能部件,其吸能特性和变形模式决定着碰撞过程中车身加速度响应和力的传递路径,对汽车结构耐撞性有显著影响。为了分析研究前纵梁的变形模式和吸能效果,应用HYPERMESH/LS-DYNA建立了有限元模型,进行了正面碰撞试验的数值仿真,结果显示,与试验结果基本一致。根据仿真结果,对前纵梁进行多目标优化,再根据优化结果对前纵梁进行结构改进设计。通过仿真验证,改善了前纵梁变形模式,提高了其吸能能力,验证了优化方案的可行性。

Front longitudinal beams are the main energy absorbing components in the frontal crash, whose energy absorption and deformation mode determine the body acceleration response and force transfer path, with a significant impact on the vehicle crashworthiness. In order to study the deformation mode and energy absorption effect of the front longitudinal beams, the finite element model was built via hypermesh/ls-dyna. The result of the crash simulation was consistent with the test result. Multi-ob- jective optimization was carried out on the front longitudinal beams according to the simulation result. Then the structure design improvement was taken based on the optimization. The conclusions were drawn and verified with simulation. Some improvements of deformation mode and the energy absorption ability were achieved according to the simulation result, which verified the feasi- bility of the optimization scheme.