糖尿病足发病的危险因素及护理对策

Risk factors of diabetic foot and its nursing strategies

目的：探讨糖尿病足发病的危险因素及护理对策。方法回顾性分析2010年6月-2014年6月在我院治疗的100例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,将患者分为未发生糖尿病足组（A组,n=80﹚和发生糖尿病足组（B组, n=20﹚。并同时采取心理护理、饮食护理、严格控制患者血糖、用药指导及护理、健康宣教、足部护理等综合性护理干预。结果性别、年龄、长期吸烟史、病程、外伤感染史、伴有周围神经病变、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、HbA1c是B组发生糖尿病足的主要影响因素,A组与B组上述指标分别比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05﹚,经Logistic回归分析,男性、年龄﹥60岁、病程﹥10年、伴有周围神经病变、吸烟、HbA1c水平是糖尿病足发病的独立危险因素（P﹤0.05﹚。结论糖尿病足发病的危险因素较多,糖尿病患者要通过积极控制血糖、血压和调整血脂、戒烟等方式预防糖尿病足的发生。对已发生糖尿病足的患者,积极通过有效的护理干预,从而控制减少糖尿病足截肢的发生。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of diabetic foot and its nursing strategies. Methods Retrospective-ly analyzed clinical data of 100 cases with type 2 diabetic our hospital from June 2010 to June 2014,they were divided into without the occurrence of diabetic foot group （group A, n=80 cases） and the occurrence of diabetic foot group （group B, n=20）. And at the same time they were treated with psychological nursing, diet nursing, strict control of blood glu-cose, medication guidance and nursing, health education, foot care. Results Gender, age, course of disease, long-term smoking history, traumatic infection history, accompanied by peripheral neuropathy, fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h blood glucose, HbA1c were the main influence factors of diabetic foot in B group, the above indexes were com-pared between group A and group B , the difference was statistically significant （ P〈0 . 05 ） , the Logistic regression analysis showed male, aged over 60, the course of over 10 years, accompanied by peripheral neuropathy, smoking, HbA1c level were independent risk factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot （P〈0.05）. Conclusion There are many risk factors of diabetic foot disease, diabetic patients should prevent diabetic foot through the positive control of blood sugar, blood pressure, adjust blood lipids, the occurrence of smoking cessation methods. To have occurred in diabetic foot patients received actively the effective nursing intervention to control and reduce the occurrence of diabetic foot amputation.