从马克思主义视角看收入分配的理论和现实

A Marxist Perspective On the Theory and Reality of Income Distribution

党的十八大报告强调,要调整国民收入分配格局,着力解决收入分配差距较大问题。收入分配问题是百姓关注的热点问题,也是现实面临的难点问题。为贯彻学习党的十八大精神关于收入分配的论述,记者采访了中国人民大学原副校长、马克思主义理论研究和建设工程首席专家林岗教授。林岗教授认为:第一,生产要素按照贡献大小参与收入分配,这是西方主流经济学即新古典微观经济学的说法。这个说法实际上是非常滑稽的,洋人将它用学术的词语装点起来,就在某些人心目中成了神圣的经济学教义,称其为"功能分配理论"。功能分配理论现在还很有市场,说明现在许多人身受充满马克思所说的"辩护士的坏心恶意"的新古典微观经济学之害,不知道这是一个错误的东西。第二,现在有一种流行的说法,认为垄断行业的国有企业的高收入是分配差距拉大的根源。这种说法是没有根据的。相反,以国有企业为主体的公有制经济的存在,是我国社会经济中抑制收入差距过分拉大的因素。第三,在存在的财产占有不平等、少数人凭籍私人财产权取得的收入占了居民收入大头的情况下,才会出现贫富分化,如果都是拿工资,都是按劳分配,不会出现太大差距。

The report of 18th National Congress of Community Party of China emphasizes the need to adjust the distribution of national income, and the efforts to solve the problem of the big gap of income distribution. Income distribution is one of the hot issues that people are concerned about and also onr of the most difficult problems in reality. In order to implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of CCP on income distribution, Lin Gang, the former vice president of Renmin University of China and chief expert of Marxist theories, accepts our interview. According toProfessor Lin Gang： firstly, production factors participating in the income distribution according to their contribution, is the argument of western mainstream,namely neoclassical microeconomics, which is called as ＂theory of functional distribution,＂ but the argument is totally wrong; Secondly, there is a popular saying that the high income of state-owned enterprises in monopoly industries is the root of the distribution gap. This argument is unfounded. On the contrary, the presence of state-owned enterprises as the mainstay of public ownership economy is the factor to suppress the widening of income gap; thirdly, the presence of income gap is due to the unequal possession of properties, and if workers were salaried according to work, there would be few differences.