论丁戊奇荒期间江南士绅对河南妇幼的救助

On the Jiangnan Gentlemen's Salvation for Women and Children in Henan during the Famine and Drought Period

丁戊奇荒期间,江南士绅对河南灾区进行了大规模的义赈。鉴于河南大量妇幼被卖、人种欲绝的严峻形势,江南士绅与豫苏两省官方合作,采取官截民遣的方式,由官方设卡拦截,民间力量筹款设局,对被卖妇幼实施代赎、留养和资遣。经各助赈局及专门代赎机构的努力,代赎妇幼的活动取得了明显成效。江南士绅之所以要对妇幼实施特别救助,除妇幼在灾荒年间最易受到伤害外,还有道德方面的考虑,那就是妇女被卖关乎名节,幼孩被卖有关宗嗣。对这两类人进行特殊救助,能够寓教化于救荒之中,在救荒的同时,维持灾区的教化,使灾区民众在延续生命的同时,也能延续以儒家文化为核心的传统道德。救命兼救心,这正是江南士绅赴河南义赈的双重使命。

During the famine and drought period （1877-1878）, the Jiangnan gentlemen in north China carried out large -scale non-governmental relief activities in Henan .A large number of women and children were sold , and the race of Henan was nearly about to disappear .Taking consideration of this situation , the Southern gentlemen and government of both Henan and Jiangsu cooperated to re -deem, raise and send back the women and children , by way of official prevention and being sent back by authorities .Government set obstacles to prevent it and non -governmental power raised funds to build shelters .After the efforts of various assistance bureaus and the specialized redeem organization , the redeem activities for women and children were obviously fruitful .Women and children were the most vulnerable persons in famine years .The other reason for Jiangnan Gentlemen to implement special relief for women and children was ethical consideration .That is, women were being sold , which was related to fame , while children inheritance .Implementing spe-cial assistance for these two types of people could educate them among the famine .While making the disaster area enlightened , the dis-aster victims could save their lives , but also could extend to Confucian culture as the core of traditional morality .Saving lives and sav-ing the heart were southern gentlemen ’ s dual missions to relieve the disaster in Henan .