论《宋元学案》对张载思想中几个问题的诠释

An Interpretation to Chang Tsai's Philosophy in Sung-Yuan Hsueh-An

针对张载提出的"气质之性"与"变化气质"、"成性"三个概念,《宋元学案》指出,性只是气之理,是气自有之条理、规律,因此气质之外并不存在一个名叫"天地之性"的性,人只有"气质之性"。正因为"气质即性"、"气质之外无性",故气质亦无待于变化,否则,气质变化了,性也要随之变化。同样,气之偏也不是性,也不需要一个后天的工夫过程来"成性",因为《周易》所说的"成性"乃是指人生来就具有的本成之性。

Sung-Yuan hsueh-an ,Huang Zongxi and his son Huang Baijia disagreed Chang Tsai＇s theory of human nature.Humanity is divided into the heaven-nature and the nature of the ch＇i-consti-tution ,and they think there is a kind of human nature,that is,the nature of the ch＇i-constitution .It is the natural of Qi,but not takes QingZhuo and HunMing of Qi as human nature.Because of this, we can not say change temperament ,otherwise,if temperament is changed so human nature will also be changed.On the basis of claims there is no need to change the temperament,Huang thinks that excess and deficiency of Qi is not human nature but the habit.So the human nature does not require a process to shape,because the notion of Chengxing refers to the transcendental nature in Zhou Yi .