东昌湖优先污染物动态变化及防治对策

Dynamic change of priority pollutants and prevention countermeasures for Dongchang Lake

以东昌湖6个湖区为研究对象,选取挥发酚、氰化物、砷、铬(VI)、铅、镉、石油类7项优先污染物,采用单因子指数以及内梅罗指数法,对东昌湖污染物年际变化进行定量分析,得出挥发酚、砷、铅的单因子指数在0.001—0.5之间呈波动中下降趋势,而氰化物、镉、铬(VI)单因子指数在0.01—0.1之间呈波动上升的趋势,但均符合地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)Ⅳ类水水质标准。内梅罗指数在调查年度内呈波动中上升趋势,这与石油类单因子指数的变化趋势相似,表明石油类是东昌湖的主要污染物。针对东昌湖的水污染问题,提出了物理、生物防治措施和加强宣传教育与管理的建议。

Interannual variability of the priority pollutants were analyzed by methods of single factor index and Nemerow index, based on seven indicators of volatile phenol, cyanide, arsenic, chromium（VI）, lead, cadmium, petroleum, from six regions of Dongchang Lake during 2001—2010. The results showed that single factor indices of volatile phenol, arsenic, lead displayed a fluctuating downward trend in the range of 0.001 to 0.5. Those of cyanide, chromium, chromium（VI） took on a fluctuating upward trend in the range of 0.01 to 0.1, so the water quality was in accordance with grade IV. The Nemerow index presented a fluctuating upward trend during 2001—2010, similar to the trend of petroleum single factor index. It showed that petroleum was the main pollutant of Dongchang Lake. In the end, based on the water pollution problems, physical, biological prevention measures and suggestions of strengthening public education and management were put forward.