农村贫困女童人格与父母教养方式的相关研究

A Study of Personality of Poor Rural Girls and Their Parenting Styles

目的:探讨农村贫困女童的人格与父母教养方式的关系以及父母教养方式对人格的影响。方法:采用艾森克人格问卷量表、父母养育方式问卷对农村685名女童进行问卷调查,其中,重点调查了150名贫困女童。结果:贫困女童与富裕女童比较在人格内外向(E)、神经质(N)两项呈现显著性差异;贫困女童与富裕女童在教养方式上比较也呈显著性差异,即贫困女童较少得到父母亲的情感温暖、理解而较多得到父母亲的惩罚、严厉、拒绝、否认;在艾森克各维度与父母教养方式各因子间相关比较中,贫困女童在精神质(P)维度与父母亲的惩罚、严厉、过分干涉,偏爱、拒绝、否认,过度保护都呈显著正相关。神经质(N)维度除了与母亲的情感温暖、理解一项外,与父亲、母亲其他各因子都呈显著相关。结论:父母亲教养态度和方式对贫困女童的人格的形成和发展有很大的影响,各级教育机构以及社会、家庭都要特别关注农村贫困女童的教育。

Objective： To explore the relationship between the personality of the poor rural girls and parenting styles,and to explore that parenting styles influence on personality. Methods： To use Eysenck Personality Questionnaire scales to investigate 685 girls from rural areas,along with the questionnaire of parenting styles,which focuss on the investigation of 150 poor girls. Results： The poor girls,compared with wealthy girls,have significant differences in personality extraversion（ E）,and neuroticism（ N）; as to the parenting styles,poor girls also shows big differences,that is,they get less feelings and understandings from their parents,and are more severely scolded and punished. In the comparison between the dimensions of Eysenck and the factors of parenting styles,the dimension of spiritual quality（ P） of poor girls is positively correlated with their parents＇ punishment,harshness,excessive interference,favoritism,denial,and overprotection. Apart from the feelings and understandings of mothers,the dimension of neuroticism is also positively correlated with other factors of parents. Conclusion： Parenting styles and attitudes of parents have a great impact on the formation and development of the personality of the poor girls. We suggest that all educational institutions of different levels,as well as families,should pay special attention to the education of poor rural girls.