江南茶区茶叶生产现状和气候资源特征分析

Analysis on Production Status of Tea Plant and Climate Characteristics in Tea Regions in Southern Yangtze River

开展气候资源分析对茶叶生产具有重要的指导意义。本文采用历史资料收集和实地调查等方式,对江南茶区的茶树品种、茶园面积、茶叶产量等现状,以及气候资源、主要农业气象灾害特征进行了调查和分析,并提出了茶叶生产中存在的问题和灾害应对措施。结果表明：江南茶区茶树主要品种有乌牛早、龙井43、福鼎大白茶、迎霜、鸠坑、黄山种、翠峰、安吉白茶等;江南茶区中,湖北省的茶园面积和茶叶产量位居第一,但单位面积经济效益江苏第一,其次是浙江,尔后依次是湖南、江西、安徽、湖北。全区年平均气温15~20℃,≥10℃活动积温4 500~6 500℃·d,年降水量1 000~1 600 mm,年平均相对湿度达70%~80%左右,年日照时数1 500~1 900 h。热量较优,空气湿润,光照充足,是绿茶生产的气候适宜区域。同时,江南茶区也是茶叶主要农业气象灾害高发区,应加强茶树资源监测和农业气象灾害风险评估等方面的研究,在充分利用3S技术基础上提高茶叶生产应对气候变化的能力,大力推进茶叶精细化气象服务。

It is greatly instructive to analyze climate resources characteristics for tea production. In this research,the characteristics of tea cultivar,planting area,yield,climate condition and main meteorological disasters in tea region in south area of the Yangtze River were analyzed by filed survey and data collection,and the problem and measurement were put forward. The results found that the main tea species in the south of the Yangtze River were Wuniuzao,Longjing43,Fuding white tea,Yingshuang,Molina pit,Huangshanzhong,Cuifeng,Anji white tea,etc. The planting area and yield of tea in Hubei Province were the largest,however the unit output value was the highest in Jiangsu Province,the following was Zhejiang,Hunan,Jiangxi,Anhui and Hubei. The annual mean temperature was 15- 20 ℃,the greater than or equal to 10 ℃ accumulated temperature was 4 500- 6500 ℃ ·d,the annual rainfall was 1000- 1 600 mm,the annual mean relative humidity reached 70%- 80%,and the sunshine duration remained 1 500- 1 900 h in tea region in south area of the Yangtze River. Thus,the climate in this region was abundant in sufficient heat,moist air,adequate sunshine,and was suitable for green tea growing. However,the region was a high risk area of main agro- meteorological disasters to tea.Therefore,the research on monitoring of tea plant and risk assessment of the agro- meteorological disasters should be strengthened and tea production ability should be improved to cope with climate change on the basis of making the best of GIS,RS,GPS,and we should vigorously promote refined weather service in tea regions in the south of the Yangtze River.