华东某省部分禽场重金属污染检测与分析

Detection and Analysis of Heavy Metals Pollution in Poultry Farms in East China

对华东某省部分家禽养殖场的水体、饲料及其粪便重金属含量进行了调查。共采集包括水样、饲料及粪样在内的49份样品,其中水样16份,饲料样24份,粪样9份。样品经微波消解处理,用原子吸收法测定了铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)含量,用电感耦合等离子质谱法测定砷(As)、汞(Hg)含量。结果表明:水样中各元素含量均符合地表水环境质量标准中三类水质要求;部分饲料样品中铬和砷含量超过饲料卫生标准要求,超标率分别为33.3%和8.3%,其中铬元素最高含量达622.5mg/kg,砷元素含量最高为5.8mg/kg;粪样中除铜元素超标外,其余元素均在标准范围内。研究提示少数家禽养殖场存在一定的重金属污染,应加强对其饲料中铜、砷、铬的含量控制。

The content of heavy metals in drinking water, feeds and manures in parts of poultry farms in certain province of east China were investigated and 49 samples were collected including water, feed and manure. The samples were subjected to microwave-assisted digestion and the elements of copper（Cu）,zinc （Zn）, lead（Pb）, cadmium（Cd）, chromium（Cr） were quantified by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry（AAS） with flame or graphite furnace while arsenic（As）, mercury（Hg）were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The results showed the contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, Cr in dringking water were very low and reached the third grade water quality standard according to the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. The contents of Cr and As in part of feed samples exceeded National Hygienical Standard for feeds and the highest contents of Cr and As in feed reached 622.5mg/kg and 5.8mg/kg, respectively. All the metals except Cu in manures were lower than the standard of organic fertilizer. The results proved that heavy metal pollution existed in a poultry farms in some degree and measures should be taken to control content of Cu,Cr and As in poultry feeds.