家庭视域下儿童体育参与影响因素研究

Research on Factors Influencing Children Sports Participation:a Family Perspective

运用问卷调查法,研究家庭因素对儿童体育参与的影响效应,为促进儿童体育参与、改善和提高儿童体质健康水平提供理论参考。方法：随机选取650名7~12岁的小学生为研究对象,运用Baecke身体活动问卷（BPAQ）对他们及他们的爷爷/外公、奶奶/外婆、父亲、母亲等家庭成员进行问卷调查,采用多元Logistic回归模型对数据进行统计分析。结果：（1）儿童体育参与度与年龄不相关,男孩的体育参与度高于女孩;（2）家境富裕或清贫的孩子参与体育更多;（3）若家人也习惯参与体育运动,则孩子总体上参与体育运动的概率更高;（4）女孩在奶奶/外婆参与运动时的体育参与度更高,而男孩的体育参与度则不受奶奶/外婆是否参与运动的影响;男孩在爷爷/外公参与运动时的体育参与度更高,而女孩的体育参与度则不受爷爷/外公是否参与运动的影响。结论：儿童体育参与度与性别相关,并受到家境和家庭成员的综合影响。建议为儿童提供更多同等层次的普及性运动项目;在设计和规划促进儿童体育参与方案时,特别关注女孩;认识到在家庭范围内,长辈是否有积极良好的运动习惯,对儿童体育参与起着至关重要的作用。

This study mainly explored the influence effect of family factors on children sports participation using the questionnaire survey,to provide information for promoting the youth sports participation and improving the levels of children physical health. Methods：Using the tools of Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire,a survey was conducted on 650 pupils,and their grandpas,grandmas and parents. Then all the data were statistically analyzed using multiva-riate logistic regression analysis. Results are as follows：（1） There was no direct relationship between age and chil-dren sports participation,and boys were more likely to participate in sports than girls. （2）Children in rich and poor families were more likely to participate in sports. （3）In general,children were inclined to take part in sports if their families did it regularly. （4）Girls often had higher sports participation when their grandmas took part in sports;how-ever,the boys’ sports participation was not affected likewise;boys often had higher sports participation when their grandpas took part in sports;however,the girls’ sports participation was not affected in the same manner. Conclu-sions：Children sports participation was related to gender,and was affected by multiple factors like family financial situation and family members. Suggestions：Provide more popular sports for children;when designing and planning schemes to promote children sports participation,pay much more attention to girls;be aware that within the scope of the family,older generations with positive exercising habits play a vital role in encouraging children sports participa-tion.