当代区域竞技体育发展效率及影响因素研究

Regional Competitive Sports Efficiency and Influencing Factors

在众多因素对地区竞技体育发展水平制约的情况下,提高竞技体育发展效率是其发展过程中的又一重要内容。选取基于投入导向的DEA,及采用Tobit回归模型,对当今30个竞技体育强国在2000-2012年的发展效率与影响因素进行研究。研究结果表明,世界竞技体育强国间的综合技术效率差距总体呈扩大趋势,技术相对有效的国家数量逐年上升。在区域竞技体育发展效率的比较中,非洲与太平洋地区的效率变异性最低,其中非洲地区的效率呈绝对收敛现象。在影响竞技体育发展效率的因素研究中,竞技体育后备人才淘汰率、优秀教练员与奥运参赛项目数之比、优秀运动员的平均训练年限是影响竞技体育发展效率的主要因素。

Improving the efficiency has been an important consideration for the development of competitive sport, which is restricted by various factors. Based on the models of input-oriented DEA and Tobit regression,the present study looked at the development efficiency and its influencing factors of 30 competitive sport powers during 2000 2012. The results are as follows. The gap of the technical efficiency was widening,and the number of countries with relative technical efficiency was on a year-on-year rise. Inter-regionally,the lowest efficiency variance was found to be in Africa and the Pacific Region,with efficiency in Africa being absolutely convergent. The main factors influen-cing the development efficiency of competitive sport included the fallout rate of the backup talents,the ratio of the number of excellent coaches to that of the events they participate and the average training time span of the elite ath-letes.