坡式条田在黑土区坡耕地水土流失治理中的应用及效益分析

Application and Benefit Analysis of Sloping Strip Land on Controlling Soil and Water Erosion from Sloping Farmland in the Northeast Black Soil Area of China

以吉林省杏木小流域为试验区,采用野外观测与室内实验相结合的方法,对坡式条田在黑土区坡耕地水土保持效益和经济效益进行研究与分析。结果表明：（1）与横垄对照相比,黄花菜、红小豆及黄花菜与红小豆混种3种不同坡式条田产生的径流量分别减少62.5%,64.8%,69.2%,泥沙量分别减少70.9%,72.9%,74.2%。（2）不同坡式条田冲刷泥沙中有机质和全氮含量分别比对照减少10%～20%,全磷和全钾含量减少7%～15%。（3）条田埂上黄花菜与红小豆混种具有较好的固埂护埂效益,田埂植物盖度达到45%～55%,0-5cm,20-25cm和40-45cm土层土壤崩解速率分别比黄花菜和红小豆单种降低53.61%和22.41%,11.19%和8.94%,20.38%和10.88%。（4）与横垄对照相比,坡式条田措施下坡耕地总体经济效益提高8%～12%,红小豆作物经济价值最高。

The study was conducted in Xingmu watershed of Jilin province.Used laboratory analysis and field investigation,the soil conservation benefit and economic benefit of sloping strip land in the black soil area were stuclied.The results showed that：（1）Compared with the control plot,runoff of sloping strip lands with Hemerocallis citrina Baroni,Vigna angularis and mixed sowing was reduced by 62.5%,64.8% and69.2%respectively.Quantity of sediment was decreased by 70.9%,72.9%and 74.2%.（2）Content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the sediment of different sloping strip lands was 10%～20%less than the control plot.And the content of total phosphorus and total potassium in the sediment was reduced by 7%～15% compared with the control plot.（3）Mixed sowing with H.citrinaand V.angularis could protect the field bund better than single sowing and the plant coverage was 45%～55%.Compared with sloping strip lands singlely covered with H.citrinaand V.angularis,soil disintegration rate in 0-5cm,20-25 cm and40-45 cm soil layers was decreased by 53.61% and 22.41%,11.19% and 8.94%,20.38% and 10.88%respectively.（4）Compared with the control plot,measure of sloping strip land increased the total economic benefit of sloping land by 8%～12%.V.angularis was of very good economic value.