糖苷基季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及表面性能研究

Study on Synthesis and Surface Properties of Glucoside Quaternary Surfactant

以葡萄糖和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇为原料合成中间体3-氯-2-羟丙基糖苷,在Na OH碱性条件下与十二/十四烷基二甲基叔胺反应合成糖苷基季铵盐,通过单因素试验确定了最佳工艺。对于糖苷化反应∶n(葡萄糖)∶n(3-氯-1,2-丙二醇)=1∶4,反应时间5 h,反应温度95℃;对于季铵化工艺:n(3-氯-2-羟丙基糖苷)∶n(十二/十四烷基二甲基叔胺)=1.3∶1,反应温度90℃,反应时间4 h。通过傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱表征产物结构,测定最终产物的表面性能,能得到活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.68×10-3mol/L,最低表面张力(γCMC)为27.6 m N/m。

The intermediate. 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylglucoside （CPG）, is synthesized from glucose and 3-chloro- 1,2-propanediol, which is used to synthesize glucoside quaternary with tertiary amine （N,N-demethyldodecylamine or N, N-dimethyhetradecylamine） under alkaline conditions in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The optimal processing pa- rameters are determined by single-factor experiments. For the glycosylation, the optimal molar ratio of glucose to 3- chloro-1,2-propanediol is 1 to 4, the reaction time is 5 h and the temperature is 95℃. For the quaternization, the optimal molar ratio of CPG to tertiary amine is 1.3 to 1, the temperature is 90℃ anti the reaction time is 4 h. The structure of the final product is characterized by Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectrometer. The surface properties of the surfactant also are measured, the critical micelle concentration （CMC） is 1.68×10^-3 mol/L and the minimal surface tension （γCMC） is 27.6 mN/m.