应用食物频率法评价高血压患者膳食结构

Assessment on dietary patterns of hypertensive patients by food frequency questionnaire

目的了解南宁市高血压患者膳食习惯,为进一步开展膳食指导干预提供科学依据。方法采取分层多级随机抽样方法,随机抽取参加基本公共卫生项目慢性病管理项目满1年的高血压患者700名,利用食物频率询问法调查个体主要食物摄入频率和摄入量。其结果与中国膳食宝塔推荐量进行比较分析。结果回收有效问卷699份,有效应答率99.9%。高血压患者每天摄入全谷类和新鲜蔬菜类频率高,分别为99.6%和96.1%,但每天摄入新鲜水果、蛋类、奶制品及豆制品类食物的频率相对较低,分别为50.8%、16.0%、28.6%和4.1%。从不吃奶制品的比例高达56.5%。粮谷类食物、新鲜蔬菜类人均摄入量分别为328.4、300.9g/d,在宝塔建议范围内。畜、禽肉类人均摄入量为100.8g/d,是宝塔建议量高值(75g/d)的1.34倍。水产品新鲜水果、蛋、奶及豆制品每日摄入量的P50(P25,P75)分别为11.43(3.33,25.71)、50(14.29,128.57)、11.4(1.67,28.57)、0(0,114.29)和5.7(0,16.67)。生理检查指标发现,55.1%的高血压患者属于中心型肥胖,40.9%的患者超重或肥胖,仅有56.4%的患者血压控制达标。结论高血压患者存在"低奶高红肉"不合理的膳食结构,血压及肥胖指标控制不理想,应开展实施DASH膳食模式干预,以提高患者血压控制水平和生活质量。

Objective To investigate the dietary habits of the hypertensive patients in Nanning City, so as to provide scientific basis for further intervention. Methods Totally, 700 hypertensives were selected by stratified multistage random sampling from the hypertensive patients participating in the basic public health project chronic disease management for more than 1 year. The food frequency questionnaire（FFQ） was used to investigate their food intake and frequency. The survey results were compared with Chinese recommended nutrient intakes. Results Finally, 699 effective questionnaires were collected and the effec- tive response rate was 99.9 %. The hypertension patients had high- frequency daily intake of whole grains （99.6 % ）, fresh veg- etables （96.1% ） and low -frequency daily intake of fresh fruit（50.8% ）, eggs （16.0%）, dairy（28.6% ） and bean products （4.1%）. The prevalence rate of never- eating dairy products was as high as 56.5%. The per capita consumption of grain （328.4g/d） and fresh vegetables （300.9g/d） was within the scope of the recommended. Livestock and poultry meat consumption per capita was 100.8 g/d, 1.34 times of Chinese recommended nutrient intake （75 g/d）. The Ps0 （P25, Pvs ） of the intake of aquatic products, fresh fruit, eggs, dairy and bean products was 11.43（3.33,25.71）, 50（14.29,128.57）, 11.4（1.67, 28.57）, 0（0,114.29） and 5.7（0,16.67）respectively. Physical examination found that 55.1% of the hypertensive patients with central obesity, 40.9 % with overweight or obesity, and only 56.4 % with favorable blood pressure control. Conclusions The hypertensive patients in Nanning City have ＂low milk, high meat＂ dietary pattern. Their blood pressure and obesity control are not successful. In order to improve their blood pressure control and quality of life, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension （DASH） should be carried out.