《三遂平妖传》第二人称代词计量研究

A Quantitative Study of the Second-person Pronouns in San Sui Ping Yao Zhuan

以《三遂平妖传》中的第二人称代词系统为考察对象,穷尽性地统计、分析其语法功能、语法意义、单复数、排除式、包括式、无所指、泛指的使用情况,以管窥明初汉语第二人称代词的特点以及与现代汉语的区别。该书第二人称代词系统有"你、你们、卿、汝、尔"五个,其中"你"占绝大多数,"你们"比较少见,"卿、汝、尔"则十分罕见,"卿、汝、尔"的使用主要出于修辞语用上的考虑,而非语法。"你"既可表示复数,也可发生人称转换,相当于"我们"或"他们",还可表示泛指。"你"表示复数的方式共有四种,现代汉语只保留了其中一种。在复数领域,包括式占绝对优势。

This article analyses the grammatical functions, grammatical meanings, singular and plural forms, exclusive and inclusive forms, non-referential and general forms of second-person pronouns in San Sui Ping Yao Zhuan, and discusses the characteristics of second-person pronouns in the early period of Ming Dynasty and their differences from those in modern Chinese. There are five second-person pronouns, “ni”, “nimen”, “qing”, “ru” and “er”, in which “ni” is widely used, “nimen” is less seen, but “qing”, “ru” and “er” are barely used as a result of rhetoric preference. “ni” has four forms of plurality in the book, but only one remains in modern Chinese.