略论民国时期中国农民离村问题

Briefing on Chinese Peasants' Leaving Villages in the Era of the Republic of China

作为一种影响深远的社会现象,农民离村在中国主要发生在民国时期。民国时期中国农民离村遍及全国,不仅离村率高、人数多,还呈现三个方面特点,即以青壮年男性为主,以少地或无地的自耕农、半自耕农和雇农为主,以部分家庭成员离村为主。民国时期中国农民离村多由于耕地面积过小、捐税过重、佃租率过高等因素使然,此外还有频发的天灾人祸。

As a far-reaching social phenomenon,the peasants＇ leaving villages in China mainly occurred in the Republic of China era.The phenomenon of the Republic of China era peasants＇ leaving village appears throughout the country,not only the rate of leaving villages is high and the population is large,but also it presents characteristics on four aspects：Namely those leaving-villages people who are mainly young adults,who are peasants with little or no land semi-owner peasant and farm laborer, mainly those who are mostly illiterate,and those who are only some of the family members instead of the whole family.Difference from the modern western peasants,who left villages mostly promoted by society＇s natural tendency,the reasons for the Republic of China era Chinese Peasants＇ leaving villages are as follows：Limited arable area,too heavy taxes and levies,high rate of land rent,rural financial difficulties and other factors in addition to frequent natural disasters happened in modern times.