试析孔子近仁的四种品质“刚”“毅”“木”“讷”

On the Four Qualities Close to Universal Love Advocated by the Confucius

"刚""毅""木""讷"在孔子的理想人格君子的修养过程中是极为重要的。达到了这四者并不意味着成为了君子,但要成为君子这四种品质一种都不能少,所以只说是近仁而并非仁。此四者既有各自深刻的内涵,彼此之间又是紧密联系的。"刚"着重从人的内在修炼来讲,而"毅"则是这种修炼的持之以恒。在此基础上逐渐形成了"木"的人格特质和"讷"的言语特征。这是一个修己以达仁的过程,但还并不完备。在达到了"木""讷"之后,还需要"学"与"礼"的辅助,使得文质相得益彰,方不失君子本色。

The Master said,Imperturbable,resolute,tree-like,slow to speak-such one is near to Goodness. （“The Analects？Tzu-lu”）. Regarded to four characters which are near toGoodness,“imper-turbableness,resoluteness,tree-like,slow to speak”is very important in cultivated course of confucius’ s ideal character gentleman. Though it doesn’t mean that if you have these four characters and you will be-come a gentleman,it’s necessary to have them all if you want to be a gentleman,so it just said that,“near to Goodness”not“be Goodness”in The Analects. These four characters don’t only have profound meanings respectively but also have close connection between each one of them.“Imperturbableness”is focused on hama’s inner practition,however“resoluteness”is the persistence of this practition. It has gradually formed trait of“tree-like”’s personality and trait of“slow to speak”‘s parole. This is the course which cultivates self to become goodness,but it’s not complete. It needs assis-tance of“learning“and“ritual”When reach“tree-like”and“slow to speak”,to bring out the best in each other between ornament and substance,and don’t miss gentleman’s distinctive characters.