福建漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区公共管理研究

Public Administration of Zhangjiangkou Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Fujian

建立自然保护区是进行生物多样性保护和生态系统功能恢复的最重要措施之一,如何有效管理自然保护区是当前自然保护区决策者、社区居民和研究者共同关注的问题。利用文献调研法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等,对福建省漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区管理中的利益相关者进行分析,从生态、经济和社会价值角度探讨该保护区的公共管理。研究结果显示,可以将漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区管理中的利益相关者划分为确定型、预期型和潜在型;其中,确定型利益相关者为政府、当地社区、非政府组织、企业与旅游公司,其对该保护区管理具有重要作用;政府关注生态价值,当地社区关注经济价值,非政府组织关注社会价值,企业与旅游公司关注经济价值。根据保护区管理中的利益相关者分析结果,对漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区具有的生态价值、经济价值和社会价值进行分类管理,构建合理的公共管理模式。

Establishing nature reserve is one of the most efficient approaches of conservation to biodiversity and restoration to ecological service functions,decision-maker of the nature reserves,and community residents and researchers commonly concerned with how to effectively manage the nature reserve in this paper.Some methods such as document research,questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics were used to analysis management stake-holder of Zhangjiangkou Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Fujian province;the public administration of the nature reserve from ecological value,economic value and social value was discussed in the paper.The results showed that the stakeholders in the management of the nature reserve were classified into 3 types,including definitive,expectant and latent types,the definitive stakeholders in the management of the nature reserve were local government,local community residents,non-government organizations,enterprises and tour companies,which had an important role in the management of the nature reserve.The local government concerned about the ecological value,the local community residents concerned about the economic value,the non-government organizations concerned about the social value,the enterprises and tour companies concerned about the economic value;the mode of reasonable public administration of the nature reserve was constructed.