两个时期福建省滨海湿地景观格局的比较

Comparison of Landscape Patterns of Coastal Wetlands in Fujian Province for Two Periods

以2000年7幅Landsat7 ETM+影像和2009年12幅ALOS AVNIR-2影像为主要数据源,通过景观格局指数和转移矩阵,对福建省滨海湿地2000年和2009年两个时期的景观格局进行定量分析和比较。结果表明,与2000年相比,2009年福建省天然滨海湿地面积减少了44 296.6 hm2,人工滨海湿地面积增加了31 583 hm2,滨海湿地面积共减少了12 713.6 hm2;红树林、水田、库塘和盐田的保留率较低,滨海湿地大面积向非湿地转移,天然湿地向人工湿地转移;边缘密度指数升高、斑块结合度指数降低,景观格局破碎化程度加深;湿地与非湿地之间的转移过程所占比重最大,整体转移过程以水产养殖和非湿地为优势转出类型,说明了随着滨海地区的发展,人类对环境的改造强度不断加大,特别是养殖业的发展,是滨海湿地景观格局变化的最主要影响因素。

Using 7 Landsat7 ETM＋ images in 2000 and 12 ALOS AVNIR-2 images in 2009,the landscape patterns of coastal wetlands in Fujian Province in 2000 and 2009 were compared in this paper.The results showed that compared with that in 2000,the area of natural coastal wetlands in Fujian province decreased by44 296.6 ha,but,the area of artificial coastal wetlands increased by 31 583 ha in 2009;compared with other types of the wetlands,the retention rate of mangroves,paddy fields,reservoirs,ponds and salt field were relative lower;the large area of the wetlands were transferred to non wetlands and natural wetlands to artificial wetlands;fragmentation degree of landscape pattern of the wetlands was intensified.The maximal transferring contribution rate was the conversion from the wetlands to non wetlands,which indicated that the anthropogenic environmental change was one of the predominated change patterns.One possible reason was that,with the socioeconomic development in coastal region,the aquaculture played an important role in the landscape pattern change of the coastal wetlands in Fujian province.