俄罗斯东部地区油气资源远景分析

Perspective Analysis on the Oil and Gas Resources in Eastern Russia

俄罗斯东部地区油气资源十分丰富,而且远景储量巨大。其石油储量远景区主要圈定在东西伯利亚地区晚元古代早古生代陆源碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩含油气盆地,远东地区中新生代大陆架硅质岩含油气盆地和远东滨海坳陷中古新世始新世杂砂岩含油气建造等。而且,远东地区含油气盆地的形成时代自西向东逐渐变年轻,具体由侏罗纪、白垩纪过渡为新生代。俄罗斯东部地区中新生代煤层气盆地广布,其中最主要的煤层气盆地为勒拿河流域盆地和南雅库特盆地。煤层气的成因及分布特征主要受控于盆地的基本地质特征,即上覆、下伏地层层系和褶皱断裂构造、变质作用等。俄罗斯远东地区萨哈林大陆架、鄂霍茨克海以及白令海阿列乌特深水海盆中蕴藏大量的天然气水合物资源。天然气水合物中的甲烷一般被认为来自深部油气层,但也有专家认为它可能来自大陆架以外的深海海域。

Eastern Russia is rich in oil and gas resources and has a large number of proved reserves. They are mainly involved in three types including terrigenous clastic rocks and carbonates of the Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic oil-gas-bearing basins in Eastern Siberia,siliceous rocks on the continental shelf of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic oil-gas-bearing basins in the Far East,and graywacke of the Middle Paleocene-Eocene oil gas bearing formation in the coastal depressions of the far east.Furthermore,the formation ages of the oil-gas-bearing basins in the Far East become younger from west to east.They are from Jurassic,Cretaceous,to Cenozoic.The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coalbed methane basins are widespread in Eastern Russia,and among them the Lena basin and South Yakutia basin are the two most important ones.Evolution and distribution characteristics of the coalbed methane basins are mainly controlled by the overlying and underlying stratigraphic systems,folds and faults,and metamorphism.The Sakhalin shelf,Okhotsk and the deep-water basins of the Bering Sea in Russia Far East are rich in gas hydrates. And the methane contained in the gas hydrate was generally considered to be from deep hydrocarbonreservoir;however,some experts have thought that it may come from the deep ocean outside the continental shelf.