钙对人参某些生物学性状和生理指标的影响

Effects of Calcium on Some Biological and Physiological Characters of Panax Ginseng

为明确必需元素钙对人参生长的影响,利用水培试验在霍格兰氏营养液基础上,设置3个钙浓度梯度作为处理:分别为0.25(低钙组),4(正常组),16(高钙组)mmol/L,研究钙胁迫下人参生物学特征及其体内生理响应机制。试验结果表明:与正常组相比,低钙处理人参叶片深绿、面积小且皱缩,茎弯曲,根系弱小、侧根少且呈红褐色,高钙组人参叶片黄绿,侧根发达;高钙阻碍了人参叶片叶绿素的合成,提高了叶片光合捕光能力,叶绿素含量为2.692 mg/g,叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值为2.602;低钙破坏了细胞膜透性,增大了人参茎电解质渗透率,其电解质渗透率是正常组的2.1倍,为35.64%;人参根系活力的比较,正常组>高钙组>低钙组(P<0.05)分别为53.94,49.32,42.74μg/(g·h);人参各器官的钙积累随着钙浓度的增加而相应增大,其中人参叶片增加的幅度最大,其钙含量为1.751 mg/g。

To study the effects of different concentration of calcium on ginseng growth under hydroponics conditions, Hoagland nutrient solution including three different calcium concentration, 0.25 mmol/L（low calcium group）, 4 mmol/L （normal group） and 16 mmol/L（high calcium group）, were used. The results showed that low calcium group presented dark green and shrinking leaves, curve stems and weak roots with a few of brown red lateral roots, while high calcium group had yellow green leaves and developed lateral roots compared with the normal group. High calcium impeded synthesis of chlorophyll and improved the ability to catch light in photosynthesis. The chlorophyll was 2692 mg/g and chl a/b was 2602 in ginseng. Low calcium injured membranous permeability of ginseng stem and increased the electrolyte leakage of stem. Its electrolyte leakage was 3564%, 21 times as much as the normal group. The root activity was normal group 〉 high calcium group 〉low calcium group （P〈0.05）, 53.94,49.32 and 42.74 μg/（g·h） respectively. As the calcium concentration increasing in the nutrition solution, the calcium accumulation of each organ of ginseng increased. The calcium accumulation of leaf increased most, and its calcium content was 17.51 mg/g. The deficiency of calcium seriously affects the growth and development of ginseng root, stem and leaf. Meanwhile, it decreases ginseng′s resistance to adversity. Under high calcium environment, calcium can improve the adversity resistance of ginseng by reducing the rate of stem emergence and increasing the generative capacity of ginseng lateral roots. However, excessive calcium will inhibit ginseng growth.