高寒牧区饲草作物生产性能及品质分析

Production performance and quality analysis of forage crops in alpine meadow pasture

针对高寒牧区饲草供应不足的现状,在青海省祁连县开展了玉米(Zeamays)、高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、燕麦(Aven sativa)和箭筈豌豆(Viciasativa)4种饲草作物种植,围绕其生产性能和品质进行了比较分析.结果表明:4种作物中以玉米覆盖地膜条件下鲜草和干草产量最高,分别达86 001和22 360kg/hm2,其中又以‘中玉9号’和‘金穗3号’表现突出.试验区内生产性能表现较差的为箭筈豌豆,其余两种作物生产性能居中.效益分析表明,玉米纯收入可达34 890元/hm2,其次为高粱、燕麦和箭筈豌豆.品质灰色关联度分析结果表明,箭筈豌豆品质最好,关联度系数为0.813 9.研究结果可为本地区饲草作物种植起到示范和指导作用.

Aimed at the situation of large deficiency of the silage in Qinghai Province,the production performance and quality of four forage crops,maize （Zeamays）,sorghum （Sorghum bicolor）,oat （Avena sativa）and pea （Vicia sativaa）,were studied in Qilian County.The results showed that fresh biomass and dry yield of maize were the highest in plastic-mulching treatments,which were 86 001 and 22 360 kg/hm2 , respectively.Among the varieties of maize,‘Zhongyu 9 ’and ‘Jinsui 3 ’were outstanding.However,the fresh biomass and dry yield of pea were both the lowest.Benefit analysis showed that net income of maize was the highest 34 890 Yuan/hm2 .The grey relation analysis on the quality of the four forage crops showed that the grey correlation degree （ξ）of the pea,oat,maize and sorghum was 0.813 9,0.882 1,0.641 1 and 0.573 1,respectively.The quality of the pea was the best,then followed with oat,maize and sorghum.The results of this study had important applications value for the forage crop planting in the study area.