人类干扰对洪泽湖湿地植被分布格局的影响

Effect of Human Disturbances on the Distribution Pattern of Aquatic Plant in Hongze Lake

洪泽湖具有防洪、调蓄、灌溉、水产、航运、发电等多个功能,人类干扰对洪泽湖湿地植被的影响对湿地管理具有重要意义。分析了人工水位调控、渔业生产及水质恶化等人类干扰对湿地植被分布格局的影响。结果表明:在长期且密集的人类干扰下,洪泽湖水位表现出春低、夏高、秋冬平稳的格局,使得洪泽湖湿地植被表现出明显的年际和年内波动;洪泽湖的水位每年5-6月达全年最低,这使得一些耐涝性较强的湿生植物在挺水植被分布区广泛分布;受渔业生产和水质恶化的影响,洪泽湖湿地植被分布总体呈下降的趋势,随着南水北调东线工程的竣工,还将面临新的挑战。

Hongze Lake provides multiple functions such as flood control,water regulation,irrigation,aquaculture,shipping and power generation.The impact of human disturbances on wetland vegetation in Hongze Lake is of great significance for wetland management.The effect of human disturbances such as artificial water level regulation,fishery production and water quality degradation on distribution pattern of wetland vegetation in Hongze Lake was analyzed.With long-term and intensive human disturbances,the water level in Hongze Lake appeared to be low in spring,high in summer and stable in autumn and winter resulting in evident fluctuation of the composition of aquatic macrophyte community between and within year.The water level reached the lowest level during May to June each year,allowing some hygrophytes with stronger resistance to waterlog widely distributed in the area of emergent plant.Influenced by the fishery production and deterioration of water quality,the distribution of wetland plants was in a trend of deterioration in Hongze Lake.New challenges will still be emerging with the completion of the south-north water diversion program.