广州市区空气PM_(2.5)污染与交通警察健康的关系研究

Relationship between PM_(2.5) pollution in the air and health of traffic policemen in Guangzhou city

目的评估广州市内、外勤交通警察工作环境PM2.5暴露水平,探讨工作环境PM2.5污染与交警健康的关系。方法利用现场采样仪监测广州市3条交通干道以及室内对照点的PM2.5浓度,外勤交警作为暴露组,内勤交警作为对照组,检查两组呼吸系统和循环系统疾病患病率,分析工作环境PM2.5污染水平与交警健康的关系。结果广州市外勤交警执勤的交通干道的PM2.5周平均浓度(123.9±15.9)μg/m3,明显高于内勤交警工作的室内环境浓度(56.0±8.8)μg/m3,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);外勤交警呼吸系统疾病的患病率(69.9%)明显高于内勤交警(53.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);内、外勤交警循环系统疾病患病率差异尚未发现有统计学意义(P>0.05),工龄可能与循环系统疾病患病率有关(P<0.001)。结论外勤交警工作环境PM2.5暴露水平高于内勤交警,外勤交警呼吸系统疾病的患病率高于内勤交警,PM2.5可能是影响交警呼吸系统疾病的患病率的因素之一。

Objective To assess the PM2.5 exposure level of indoor traffic police and outdoor traffic police in Guangzhou, and to explore the relationship between PM2.5 pollution and the health of traffic police. Methods The PM2.5concentration of three main roads and indoor sites in Guangzhou were monitored by portable sampler. Outdoor traffic police were selected as the exposed group and indoor traffic police as the control group. Prevalence of respiratory and circulatory system diseases were obtained from health examination reports. The differences of prevalence between two groups were analyzed to explore the relationship between the PM2.5 exposure level and the state of traffic police health. Results The PM2.5 average concentration of three main roads [（123.9± 15.9）μg/m^3] was significantly higher than that in the control group[（56.0± 8.8）μg/m^3] with significant difference（P 〈0.001）. The incidence of respiratory diseases among outdoor traffic policemen（69.9% ） was significantly higher than that of the indoor traffic police （53.9%）, showing statistically significant differenee（P〈0.001）; statistically significant differences in the incidence of circulatory system diseases were not found between the two groups （P〉 0.05）. Seniority might associate with the prevalence of circulatory system diseases （P 〈0.001）.Conclusion The PM2.5 exposure levels of outdoor traffic policeemn was higher than those in the control group, the prevalence of respiratory diseases in outdoor traffic police was higher than that in the control group, PM2.5 might be one of the factors affecting the prevalence of traffic police respiratory diseases in the policemen.