羌帖侵入黑龙江的币制因素分析

The Analysis of Monetary System Factor for Qiang Note's Invasion into Heilongjiang

从1898年至1903年,短短五年间,羌帖就成为黑龙江尤其是哈尔滨地区的主要货币,占据了统治性货币的地位,直到20世纪20年代初。探究其因,货币制度应是一个根本性的因素。当时黑龙江地区金属货币以银铜为本,难以克服复本位的固有矛盾,而且因币材缺乏,导致金属货币数量严重不足。代之而起的纸币又因财政需要而滥发,币制混乱,币值跌落。相比之下,19世纪末沙俄实行金币本位,加之欺骗性的发行宣传等,为羌帖大肆入侵黑龙江提供了可乘之机和有利条件。

From 1898 to 1903,Qiang note had been the dominant currency in Heilongjiang area, especially Harbin during five years, this continued until 1920s. To explore the reason for it, currency system is the crucial factor. At that time, silver and copper were the metal Currency in Heilongjiang area, which could not overcome the inherent contradictions. Moreover, because of the shortage of currency material, the quantity of metal currency was seriously insufficient as a result. Instead, paper currency was over-issued because of financial need, which caused chaos of monetary system and depreciation of currency. By contrast, tsarist Russia adopted gold coin standard system in the end of 19th century; in addition to the fraud advertisement of issuing, etc. All of these provided chance and favorable condition for the invasion of Qiang note into Heilongjiang.