再论隐喻——仰之弥高,钻之弥坚,缅怀语言学家王德春先生

On Metaphors:the Late Chinese Linguist Professor Wang Dechun's Viewpoint

王德春先生提出,作为修辞手段和认知方式的隐喻不过是研究者从言语活动和言语机制的角度加以区分而已,从语言体系和语言使用的角度看则是一体两面,因此"不必把隐喻硬性划分为修辞隐喻和认知隐喻"而"要从修辞、认知、心理、社会、文化、翻译等多角度研究"。《文心雕龙·比兴第三十六》的研究发现,隐喻不仅是一种语言和修辞现象,还是一种思维和文化现象。任何一个隐喻都直接表现为一定的语言修辞,但却间接暗示出更为深刻的心理活动和思维方式,而任何认知心理现象和实践行为都是文化现象的深层次展示。王先生和刘勰对隐喻的某些跨越时空的汇通之处凸显了中华优秀学术传统的流传与承继及其对西方语言学的有益补充。

In light of Professor Wang Dechun, metaphors as a rhetorical device or a cognitive mode are two sides of the same coin, merely from different angles of discourse activity or mechanism. Hence there is no need to classify metaphors into rhetorical metaphor or cognitive metaphor but a need to probe into them from more than one angle. The 36^th Chapter of The Textual Essence and Dragon Carving regards metaphor as not only linguistic and rhetorical but thinking-related and cultural, so any cognitive-psychological phenomenon and its practice are structural manifestations of culture. The harmony of Professor Wang and Liuxie, the author of The Textual Essence and Dragon Carving exhibits the inherence of the traditional academic anima, which, to some extent, benefits the existent western linguistics.