8个群体在我国东北区玉米育种应用中的潜力分析

Utilization Potential of Eight Populations for Maize Breeding in Northeast China

为了评价8个玉米群体在我国东北区的育种应用潜力,采用增广NCII遗传交配设计,以分别代表我国主要种质类群的群体中综5号、中群11和中群12为测验种,与8个玉米群体组配24个杂交组合,连同11个群体在吉林公主岭和辽宁沈阳进行田间联合鉴定,测量产量、抽丝期、穗位高和倒折率。研究表明,吉综A、豫综5号、中综3号、中综4号等4个群体性状表现较好,一般配合力效应较高,在东北区具有较大的利用潜力。中综5号×吉综A、中群12×豫综5号、中综5号×中综3号、中群12×中综4号等组合特殊配合力和中亲优势值相对较低,且组合产量相对较高,抽丝期、株高和穗位高适中,较抗倒折。建议将豫综5号和中综4号与A群种质、吉综A和中综3号与D群种质创建复合种质,逐步改良,扩宽我国东北区玉米种质基础。

The objective of the study was to evaluate breeding potential of eight populations for utilization in northeast China. Eight maize populations were test-crossed with ‘Csyn. 5＇,‘Cpop. 11 ＇,and ‘Cpop. 12 ＇which represent Chinese heterotic groups,respectively in an augmented NCII mating design. Twenty-four crosses and eleven parental populations were evaluated at Gongzhuling in Jilin Province and Shenyang in Liaoning Province to analyze combining abilities and heterosis of the eight populations for grain yield（GY）,days to silking（DS）,ear height（EH）,stalk lodging（SL）. The results showed four populations,‘Jilin syn A＇,‘Henan syn5＇,‘Csyn3＇,and ‘Csyn4＇,had high breeding potential in northeast China,because they had better per se performance and general combining ability（GCA）.Four crosses,‘Csyn 5 × Jilin syn A＇,‘Cpop. 12 × Henan syn5＇,‘Csyn5 × Csyn3 ＇,and ‘Cpop. 12 × Csyn4,＇had negative specific combining ability（SCA） and low mid-parent heterosis（MPH）,and they showed high GY,moderate DS,PH,EH,and low SL. We recommended to compose populations or composites between ‘Henan syn5＇,‘Csyn4＇and group A germplasm,‘Jilin syn A＇,‘Csyn3 ＇,and the group D germplas. in order to broaden genetic basis of Chinese northeast germplasm.