华北潮土区长期有机培肥下土壤有机碳和养分状况的动态变化

Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon and Nutrient Contents Under Long Term Organic Amendments in Fluvo-aquic Soil Region North China

以郑州潮土肥力与肥料效益长期试验为基础,分析了长期有机-无机肥料配施23年的土壤肥力演变特征,特别是土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和速效钾的演变,阐明有机肥与秸秆的施用对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,单施化肥条件下土壤肥力缓慢提升,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾每年分别上升0.17、0.01、0.01、1.27 mg·kg-1;与单施化肥相比,长期有机-无机肥料配合施用下,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和速效钾含量提升速率较快,其中常量有机肥下每年分别提升0.35、0.02、0.01和5.01 mg·kg-1,且除了全磷之外,有机肥的效果整体略优于秸秆还田的0.23、0.02、0.02和4.88 mg·kg-1。综上所述,增施有机肥及秸秆还田对于提升土壤肥力及实现农业可持续发展具有深远意义。

A long-term field experiment was used to investigate evolution of soil fertility under application of inorganic fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers in Zhengzhou city of China. The investigated soil fertility factors included soil organic matter（SOM）,total nitrogen（TN）,total phosphorus（TP） and available potassium（AK）. There were four treatments： inorganic fertilizers（NPK）,inorganic fertilizers combined with farmyard manure（MNPK）,inorganic fertilizers combined with high rate of farmyard manure（1. 5MNPK） and inorganic fertilizers with maize straw incorporated（SNPK）. The results showed that SOM,TN,TP and AK contents all increased with years at rates of 0. 17,0. 01,0. 01 and 1. 27 mg·kg^-1per year,respectively,under the NPK treatment. While those rates under the MNPK treatment were 0. 35,0. 02,0. 01 and 5. 01 mg·kg^-1per year,respectively. Compared with the NPK treatment,the farmyard manure treatments significantly improved soil fertility. SOM,TN,and AK contents showed increasing trends under the SNPK and especially MNPK and 1. 5MNPK treatments. Therefore,applying manure and straw incorporation are of far-reaching significance in improving soil fertility and realizing sustainable development of agriculture.