口腔颌面外科术后感染因素分析

The infection factors analysis after oral and maxillofacial surgery

目的探析口腔颌面外科术后感染的相关因素,为临床感染防治提供依据。方法采用回顾性分析方法对本院2011年9月-2014年9月收治的口腔科行口腔颌面外科手术2100例患者的临床资料进行研究整理,对其感染的相关因素进行分析。结果 2100例患者中107例发生术后感染,感染率为5.10%,其中感染部位有呼吸道59例（55.14%）、手术伤口25例（23.36%）、胃肠道11例（10.28%）、皮肤及软组织4例（3.74%）和其他部位感染8例（7.48%）,其中呼吸道的感染率最高。口腔颌面外科术后感染与性别、抗生素使用种类无关（P〉0.05）,与年龄、住院天数、切口类型和麻醉方式有关（P〈0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,年龄、切口类型是独立高危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论口腔领面外科发生术后感染的概率较高,其中常见的是呼吸道感染,规范和熟练的术中、术后护理可以有效降低口腔颌面外科术后感染率,提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To analyze the related factors of infection factors after oral and maxillofacial surgery to provide basis for prevention and treatment of clinical infection. Methods The clinical data of 2100 patients with oral and maxillofacial surgery in department of stomatology in our hospital from September 2011 to September 2014 were studied and arranged using the retrospective analysis method,and the related infectious factors were analyzed. Results In 2100 cases,107 cases were infectious, the infection rate was 5.10%.Among them,59 cases were respiratory tract infection,accounting for 55.14%,25 cases（23.36%）surgical wound,11 cases（10.28%） gastrointestinal tract,4 cases（3.74%） skin and soft tissue infection,8 cases（7.48%） were others,and respiratory tract infection rate was the highest.The postoperative infection of oral and maxillofacial surgery had nothing to do with gender and antibiotic use types（P〉0.05）,and had something to do with age,hospitalization day, types of incision,and anesthesia（P〈0.05）.Multiariable Logistic regression analysis showed that age,type of incision are independent risk factors（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The infection rate after oral and maxillofacial surgery is higher,among them the respiratory infection is common.Normative and skilled intrao-and postoperative nursing can effectively reduce the infection rate of oral and maxillofacial surgery postoperative, which can effectively improve the patient＇s quality of life.