典故词语性质论析

A Discussion and Analysis of the Nature of Allusion Expressions

所谓典故词语,是指用典者运用典故所形成的词语。对典故词语的性质内涵、典故词的本质特征、典故词语与典故词的关系等问题,学界还存在不少误解。通过对《辞源》典故词语条目的研究,我们发现：典故词语可细分为典故词和涉典词语两类,两者在典面、典义、典例三个方面均有本质区别。学界所公认的典故词并不单纯,其中还包括不成词的短语。我们认为：典故词不等于典故词语,不应把两者混为一谈。如果要进行典故词研究,首先应在准确把握典故词性质内涵的基础上剔除其中的涉典词语,进而使研究对象仅限于典故词;如若进行典故词语研究,同样要以认清典故词语的本质特征为前提,既研究其中的典故词,又对涉典词语进行探讨,同时还要关注兼具典故词和涉典词语双重身份的典故词语。

The so-called allusion expressions refer to the words and expressions formed by the people who apply the allusions. For the nature and connotation of the allusion expressions, essential characteristics of the allusion words and the relations between the allusion expressions and words, there is still a lot of mistaking in the academia. Through our study of the allusive entries of Ciyuan （《辞源》） , we find out that allusion expressions can be subdivided into allusion-words and involving- allusion-words, which has essential differences in three aspects： allusion source, allusion meaning and allusion examples. The allusion words generally acknowledged by the academia are not pure, which also include non-word phrases. We believe that allusive words can＇ t be equivalent to allusion expressions and they should not be confused. If we would make a study of allusion words, we should first exclude allusion expressions on the basis of accurately grasping the nature of the connotation of the allusion words, making our study confine to allusion words. Correspondingly, if we would make a study of allusion expressions, we should take essentially recognizing allusions words as a precondition not only study the allusion-words and penetrate involving-allusion-words, but also concern allusion expressions with both identities of allusion-words and involving-allusion-words.