“夯”、“夯汉”、“夯货”音义考辨

Pronunciation and Meaning about ＂Hang （夯）＂, ＂Hanghan （夯汉）＂, ＂Hanghuo （夯货）＂

依据文献用例和方言材料,从四个方面对明清白话小说中常见的方俗词＂夯、夯汉、夯货＂的读音和意义进行考辨,冀有补于现行辞书的注音和释义。＂夯＂无论是作动词、名词还是形容词,无论是单独使用还是作为构词语素,都应读hānɡ;＂夯＂与＂笨＂声韵相去甚远,难以通借;有些辞书中＂夯＂读bèn,概因＂夯＂作形容词时与＂笨＂意义相通而采取的特殊音注即＂义读＂;＂夯＂作形容词常用于形容人形貌粗壮,言行粗莽,不能很好掌握分寸,相应地,＂夯汉＂、＂夯货＂指形貌粗壮、肯卖傻力之人,或言行粗莽之人,有时也可理解为蠢人、笨蛋。

Based on the literature cases and dialect materials,this paper discusses three dialect words in vernacular fiction including ＂hang （ 夯）＂ , ＂hanghan （ 夯汉）＂ and ＂hanghuo （夯货）＂ , accounting for the pronunciation and meaning of those words to complete the current dictionary .The pronunciation of ＂hang （夯）＂ is hang, whether it is a verb, noun or adjective, whether used alone or as a morpheme. There is a world of difference between ＂hang （夯）＂ and ＂ben （笨）＂ . Read ＂夯＂ ben is a kind of special phonetic notation method of ＂yidu （ 义读 ）＂ in some dictionaries. As an adjective, ＂hang （ 夯）＂ commonly used to describe those people who grow strong, have the strength, words and deeds rude, cannot have a good grasp of propriety. Accordingly, ＂hanghan （ 夯汉 ）＂ and ＂hanghuo （ 夯货 ）＂ refers to those people who have the strength or words and deeds rude, sometimes a fool or idiot.