住院患者医院感染现患率调查

Investigation of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients

目的了解住院患者医院感染现状,为有效预防和控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法于2012年5月23-25日采用横断面调查的方法,将床旁调查与病历调查相结合,逐一调查所有住院患者并填写统一的调查表,将调查结果输入医院感染网的办公系统,并参加2012全国医院感染横断面调查工作;采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果应查住院患者1 362例,实查1 362例,实查率为100.00%;医院感染现患率为3.08%;医院感染部位以下呼吸道感染为主,占35.42%,其次为上呼吸道和口腔感染,分别占33.33%和6.25%;调查1 362例患者中751例患者应用抗菌药物,抗菌药物使用率为55.14%,其中治疗性应用抗菌药物比例占36.22%,预防性应用抗菌药物占32.89%,病原菌送检率为9.18%;共检出病原菌38株,其中革兰阳性菌为14株占36.84%,革兰阴性菌21株占55.27%,真菌3株占7.89%。结论现患率调查结果符合原卫生部医院感染现患率≤10.00%的要求,应进一步加强医院感染监测,合理使用抗菌药物,降低医院感染率。

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients so as to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of the nosocomial infections.METHODS From May 23 to May 25,2012,by means of the cross sectional survey,the bedside investigation combined with review of medical records was conducted to survey all the hospitalized patients and to fill out the unified questionnaires,the survey results were input into the online office system of hospital-acquired infection control network and were included in the national cross sectional survey of hospital-acquired infection in 2012,and the statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS13.0software.RESULTS A total of 1 362 hospitalized patients were expected to investigate,and 1 362 hospitalized patients were actually investigated with the actual investigation rate of 100.00%.The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was 3.08%.Among the hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections,the patients with lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 35.42%,the patients with upper respiratory tract infections 33.33%,the patients with oral infections 6.25%.Totally 751 of 1 362 surveyed patients have used antibiotics with the utilization rate of antibiotics of 55.14%,among whom the patients who used therapeutic antibiotics accounted for 36.22%,the patients who used prophylactic antibiotics 32.89%,and the submission rate was9.18%.A total of 38 strains of pathogens have been isolated,including 14（36.84%）strains of gram-positive bacteria,21（55.27%）strains of gram-negative bacteria,and 3（7.89%）strains of fungi.CONCLUSIONIn order to meet the requirement of the original Ministry of Health that the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections is no more than 10.00%,it is necessary to further strengthen the surveillance of nosocomial infections and reasonably use antibiotics so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.