扎陵湖-鄂陵湖自然保护分区湿地生物群落结构调查

Research on Structure of Wetland Biocenosis in the Gyaring Lake and Ngoring Lake Natural Reserve

指出了扎陵湖-鄂陵湖自然保护分区共记录有野生动物88种,其中鸟类51种,兽类29种,爬行类1种,鱼类7种,含国家Ⅰ级保护动物4种、Ⅱ级保护动物13种;植被种类共计17种,隶属于6目8科,其中以禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)和蔷薇科(Rosaceae)植物为优势种。分析了间歇性积水草甸土、无积水草甸土和无积水沙土3个不同土壤环境生物群落结构的Shannon-wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀性指数和Jaccard指数,结果表明:无积水沙土生物群落多样性和均匀度均最高,间歇性积水草甸生物群落结构与无积水草甸生物群落结构相似度最高,而间歇性积水草甸生物群落结构与无积水沙土生物群落结构相似性最低;植物群落呈现出禾本科植物比例依次减少,双子叶杂草类依次增加的趋势;动物群落呈现湿地鸟类数量依次减少,非湿地鸟类和兽类依次增加的趋势。

The Oyaring Lake and Ngoring Lake Natural Reserve has kept a record oi having bb species wilu animals,including 51 kinds of birds,29 kinds of mammals,1 kind of reptiles and 7 kinds of fish. Among all the species of animals, there are four kinds of the first nationally protected animals and 13 kinds of the second nationally protected animals. The protected region also contains 17 vegetation species which belong to 6 or- ders and 8 families,in which Gramineae,Compositae and Rosaceae are dominant species. Through the analy- sis of Shannon--wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Jaccard index of structures of three bioce- nosis in different soil environments which inetude intermittent watered meadow soil, meadow soil without water and sand without water, the article finds that the diversity and evenness of biocenosis in sand without water are the highest,and the similarity of structure of biocenosis in intermittent watered meadow soil and meadow soil without water is the highest. But the similarity of structure of biocenosis in intermittent wa- tered meadow soil and sand without water is the lowest. In plant community,the proportion of Gramineae reduces gradually while the dicotyledonous weed increases gradually. In animal community,the quantity of wetland birds reduces gradually,while the quantity of other birds and mammals increases gradually.