两种新疆野生郁金香种子萌发特性的研究

Study on the Germination Traits of Two Kinds of Wild Tulip Seeds in Sinkiang

为探究打破野生郁金香种子休眠方法及其发芽的适宜温度条件,以2011、2013年采集的伊犁郁金香(Tulipa iliensis)以及2013年采集的新疆郁金香(T.sinkiangensis)种子为试验材料,研究了不同培养温度、不同浓度GA3处理以及不同层积时间处理对破除郁金香种子休眠和萌发的影响。结果表明:2种野生郁金香种子存在不同程度的休眠现象,新疆郁金香种子休眠较浅,伊犁郁金香种子休眠程度较深,它们所需的发芽条件也不一致;不同年份采集的伊犁郁金香种子发芽情况差异显著,2011年的优于2013年的。新疆郁金香和伊犁郁金香种子发芽的适宜温度为10℃;GA3和层积对2种野生郁金香种子的最终发芽率(Final Germination Percentage,FGP)和平均发芽时间(Mean Germination Time,MGT)均有显著影响,500、300、0mg/L分别是处理2011、2013年采集的伊犁郁金香种子和2013年采集的新疆郁金香种子较适宜的浓度;低温层积21d可较好解除2011、2013年采集的伊犁郁金香种子休眠,而新疆郁金香不需层积处理即可使发芽率达到95%。GA3处理和层积处理没有明显累加效应,GA3处理可替代低温层积作用。

To seek method of breaking seed dormancy of different kinds of wild tulips and appropriate temperature for germination to improve their germination quality outside their habitat, the influences of germination temperature, different concentrations of GA3 and stratification time on the Final Germination Percentage （FGP） and Mean Germination Time （MGT） of T. iliensis（2011,2013）and T. sinkiangensis（2013） were studied. The results showed that all these tulips seeds had dormancy, T. sinkiangensis had shallower dormancy than T. iliensis and their germination conditions were inconsistent, germination result of T. iliensis seeds collected in different years had remarkable differences, seeds gathered in 2011 was much better than that of 2013. The most suitable temperature for seeds of T. sinkiangensis and T. iliensis to germinate was 10℃. Different concentration of GA3 and stratification time had significant influences on FGP and MC-T values of different kinds of tulips seeds,500 mg/L was the suitable concentration for T. iliensis seeds collected in 2013, 300 mg/L was the suitable concentration for T. iliensis seeds collected in 2013, T. sinkiangensis seeds needed no exogenous GA3 to germinate;seeds of T. iliensis （2011,2013） needed stratification of 21 days to break dormancy, T. sinkiangensis seeds need no stratification to reach the germination rate of 95%. In conclusion, GA3 and stratification treatment had no additive effect on germination of tulip seeds were used and stratification treatment could be substituted by GA3 treatment.