四川7个不同产区松茸的营养成分及品质比较

The nutrition and quality of Tricholoma matsutake in seven different areas of Sichuan

为了了解四川不同产区松茸的营养成分及品质差异,以四川小金、雅江、木里等地采集的新鲜野生松茸子实体为材料,通过国家食品卫生标准检测方法测定了子实体的粗蛋白、脂肪、粗纤维、矿质元素、维生素以及水解氨基酸的含量。并利用SPSS软件对各个产区松茸品质进行聚类分析,并将四川松茸的营养成分与西藏、重庆、云南、黑龙江松茸进行比较。结果表明:四川所有产区松茸的平均蛋白质含量为21.09%;脂肪含量平均为3.28%;粗纤维含量平均为18.28%;矿质元素中,钙和铁的含量相对较高,平均分别为249.21、880 mg/kg,而且各地区相差较大,木里松茸的含钙量是会东的8倍,而盐边松茸的含铁量是会东的7倍。7个产区松茸可聚为2个品质群,其中会东、冕宁、木里、盐源聚为一群,而小金、盐边、雅江聚为另一群,前一类群蛋白质、脂肪含量高,后一类群纤维素、矿质元素含量高。表明四川松茸营养品质有一定地理分化,且四川松茸营养水平相较于全国其他产区松茸处于前列。

In order to understand the differences in nutrition of Tricholoma matsutake from seven different places in Sichuan Province, China, we measured the content of protein, fat, fiber, mineral elements, vitamin B, and amino acids of T. matsutake fruit bodies according to the national food sanitation standard. The clustering analysis of these T. matsutake were completed by the software SPSS. Furthermore, the nutrition of T. matsutake in Sichuan was compared with the others from Congqing, Yunnan, Tibet and Heilongjiang . The results indicated that the average protein of T. matsutake from Sichuan was 21.09%. In addition, all of the T. matsutake had low fat content with average 3.28%. The average content of fiber was 18.28%. The content of calcium and iron was relatively high （ average content with 249.21 mg/kg and 880 mg/kg, respectively）. The mineral elements content of T. matsutake varied greatly in differ- ent region. For example, the calcium content of fruit bodies from Mianning was more than 700% of which from Hui- dong. While, the iron content of fruit body from Yanbian was more than 600% of which from Huidong. The T. mat- sutake in all regions could be divided into two groups. The T. matsutake from Huidong, Mianning, Muli and Yanyuan were clustered in one group indicting they had high content of protein and fat. While the T. matsutake from Xiaojin, Yanbian and Yajiang were clustered into another group indicting that they had high content of fiber and mineral ele- ments. The results showed the quality of T. matsutake in Sichuan was better than which in other places. In addition, the nutrients and mineral elements content of T. matsutake could be affected by environmental and soil conditions.