超声辅助酶解-索氏提取联用法提取马齿苋籽油及其脂肪酸组成分析

Preparation of Portulaca oleracea L.seed oil by ultrasound-assisted enzyme hydrolysis combined with Soxhlet extraction method and the analysis of its fatty acids

为提高马齿苋籽油的提取率和油品品质,以马齿苋籽油提取率及理化性质为指标,利用超声辅助酶解法预处理马齿苋籽,采用索氏提取法提取马齿苋籽油,并在单因素试验基础上采用正交试验确定酶解法预处理的最优条件。利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对超声辅助酶解-索氏提取联用法和传统索氏提取法制备的马齿苋籽油脂肪酸成分进行分析并比较。结果表明:酶解法预处理的最优工艺条件是加酶量2.0%,酶解温度50℃,酶解pH 6.0,液固比(mL∶g)6∶1,此条件下马齿苋籽油提取率可达86.8%,与传统索氏提取法相比提高了15.43%。两种方法所得的马齿苋籽油中均含有多种不饱和脂肪酸,且不饱和脂肪酸含量均大于85%,其中亚麻酸含量大于39%。

In order to improve the extraction rate and quality of Portulaca oleracea seeds oil, the extraction rate and physieochemical properties of Portulaca oleracea seeds oil were selected as the indexes, ultrasound-assisted en- zyme hydrolysis method was used in the pretreatment of Portulaca oleracea seeds and Soxhlet extraction method was applied on the oil extraction. The optimum conditions of enzyme hydrolysis pretreatment were determined using orthog- onal trial based on single-factor experiments, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC-MS） was used in the analy- sis of the fatty acid components of the oil extracts with the new method and compared with the tradition extraction way. The results showed that the optimum conditions of enzyme hydrolysis pretreatment were ： enzyme dosage 2% , hydroly- sis temperature 50 ℃ , pH6.0, liquid to solid ratio 6： 1. Under these conditions, the extraction rate with the combina- tion method was up to 86.8% , increased by 15.43% compared to Soxhlet extraction method. The seed oils extracted by two methods both contained variety of unsaturated fatty acids. And the content of unsaturated fatty acids was over 85% , content of linolenic acid was 39%.