科学-技术的汇合与分离:演化的视角

The convergence and divergence of science and technology: an evolutionary perspective

现代以来,有许多重要的科学发现同时也是技术发明,并引起科学与技术的剧烈变化。为解释这种现象,本文以对科学与技术的演化理解为基础,对科学-技术的汇合与分离这一过程进行了模型化的描述。演化的理解将科学与技术看成不同的知识体系,看成由不同的目标与成功标准指导的搜索过程。而它们的汇合与分离标志着演化中的重要节点,经常能给科学与技术带来某种程度上革命性的变化。

In the modern time, many important scientific discoveries are technological inveations as well, and cause great impacts in science and technology. To explain this phenomenon, this article bases its argument on evolutionary understandings of science and technology, and tries to give a schematic description of the process of the convergence and divergence of science and technology. In the view of evolutionary understandings, science and technology are different systems of knowledge, and search processes guided by different goals and standards of success. The convergence and divergence between them, thus, mark turning points of their evolution, always bringing somehow revolutionary changes into their development.