企业特征对专利申请决策影响的实证分析

Empirical analysis of the influence of firm characteristics on patenting decision

企业的专利申请决策受专利申请动机的支配,而专利申请动机又受到企业内外部各种客观因素的影响。在整合相关理论的基础上,将企业特征划分为资源基础、技术创新战略和知识基础的特征三个维度,并引入中介变量专利申请动机,研究在不同专利申请动机下企业特征对专利申请决策的影响。运用最小二乘回归和Binary Logit回归分析结果显示:行业地位、研发强度、产品创新和创新成果的通用性会通过市场保护动机、技术交换动机和阻止动机间接影响企业的专利申请决策,企业规模和工艺创新类型不影响企业的专利申请决策,而声誉动机在企业特征和专利申请决策之间不存在中介作用。总之,资源技术薄弱、研发投入少、大量进行工艺创新和拥有较多隐形知识的企业通常不申请专利,其根本原因是缺乏专利申请的动机。

Firm＇ s decision on whether to apply for a patent or not is subject to patenting motives,and patenting motives are influenced by various factors inside or outside the company.Based on literature review,this study aims to explain the relationship firm characteristics and patenting decision,and analyses the mediating effect of various patenting motives,including market protection,technology exchange,block and reputation.Firm characteristics include 3 dimensions：resource base,technological innovation strategy and knowledge base.The empirical results show that industry position,R＆D intensity,product innovation and the generality of innovation output affect the patenting decision in an indirect way.The sizes of company and process innovation have no influence on patenting decision.What＇s more,reputation motive show little mediating effect between internal factors and patenting decision.All these results suggest that firms which have weak resource base and low-intensity R＆D investment,conduct process more than product innovation and have more tacit knowledge will not apply for a patent.This is mainly because they lack the motives to apply for a patent.