俄罗斯地勘工作改革方向分析

Analysis of Russia's mineral exploration reform orientation

俄罗斯是世界上重要的矿产资源和能源生产及供应大国,在苏联解体以后俄罗斯矿产资源的管理情况发生了巨大的变化。本文从三资的视角梳理了俄罗斯20世纪90年代初到21世纪前十年这段时间的地质勘查工作现状,分析了俄罗斯地质勘查工作的改革和发展方向。联邦政府和国有地勘单位在地勘工作中起主导性作用,承担了大部分的地勘工作。除极少量的竞标和拍卖之外,俄罗斯矿业权只能通过公司层面进行交易,这限制了俄罗斯矿业权的自由转让。此外,俄罗斯拟设立中央自然资源银行,建立公民红利的国家基金,来实现俄罗斯矿产资源的全民所有,实现矿产资源的资本化管理。总体来看,俄罗斯的矿政管理是以政府管理为主,市场调节为辅的资源、资产、资本的综合管理模式。

Russia is the most important mineral resources and energy resource producer and supplier in the world .After the collapse of Soviet Union ,Russian’ s mineral resources management has undergone tremendous changes .In this paper ,we introduced the present situation of mineral exploration work in this period of 1990 to 2010 in the view of resource ,property and capital ,and analyzed the reform and the development direction of the mineral exploration work in Russia .The federal government and state-owned geological exploration units play a leading role in the geological exploration work .In addition to the very small amount of the bid and the auction ,the Russian mining rights can only be traded through the company level ,which limits the free transfer of mining rights in Russia .In addition ,Russia government intends to establish a central bank of natural resources and a national fund ,and this makes all Russian get the portion of their ow n mineral resources ,w hich achieve capital management of mineral resources .Overall ,the Russian mining administration is dominated by the federal government ,and the market is less important in the mining administration in Russia .It is an integrated management way of mineral resource management .