电动车轮轮内主动减振系统研究

Study on Active Vibration Control System for In-wheel Motor

轮毂电机引入纯电动汽车增加了簧下质量,降低了车辆的平顺性和安全性,为消除电动轮车辆的垂向负效应问题,并减少不平路面对轮毂电机的垂向冲击以及节约轮内空间,提出了一种利用直线电机取代轮内被动减振用的弹簧和阻尼减振器的新型电动轮结构,实现电动轮轮内主动减振功能。建立1/4电动轮车辆垂向振动简化模型,以轮毂电机与车轮相对垂向位移小于10mm为限定条件,以降低车身加速度、车辆主悬架动挠度和车轮相对动载荷为基本要求,以降低轮毂电机垂向加速度为主要目标,用最优控制方法控制轮内主动减振系统输出的控制力。计算仿真结果表明:在满足轮内空间对轮毂电机垂向跳动量要求的条件下,与轮内被动减振的电动轮车辆相比,轮毂电机轮内主动减振系统不仅可以提高整车平顺性和安全性,还将轮毂电机所受的垂向冲击力减少17%以上,证明了轮内主动减振系统在解决电动轮车辆垂向负效应问题上的有效性。

In-wheel motors used in electric vehicle increased the unsprung mass, deteriorating the riding comfort and safety. To overcome this vertical negative effect, and reduce the vertical impact on motor by the uneven road and save the wheel’s inner space, a new kind of installation of the in-wheel motor with an active vibration control system including a linear motor instead of spring and damper was proposed. Based on this, the whole vehicle 1/4 model was built and the optimal quadratic method was adopted to optimize the active force output from this active vibration reduction system and to decrease the vehicle body’s acceleration, in-wheel motor’s acceleration and the relative variable load acting on the wheel under the confined condition that the relative vertical displacement between the motor and the wheel was 10mm. Simulation results indicate that, meeting the requirement of the motor’s vertical displacement produced by the limited inner space of the wheel, the new active vibration control system not only has improved the vehicle’s riding comfort and safety, but also has reduced the impact parameter by 17%compared to the electric vehicle with passive suspension. This technology of active vibration control could be used to solve the problem of negative effect on the electric vehicle.