水力化煤层增透技术研究进展及发展趋势

Research progress and development tendency of the hydraulic technology for increasing the permeability of coal seams

增加煤层透气性是解决低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采难题的关键。煤岩体结构改造是煤层增透的核心问题,水力化煤层增透技术是煤岩体结构改造的有效途径。基于前期研究及文献调研,回顾了水射流和水力压裂技术的发展历程,综述了国内水力化煤层增透技术的研究进展。分析了理论研究和工程应用中存在的问题,指出增透机理尚未客观揭示、单项增透技术存在局限性、配套装备(特别是安全保障系统)不完善、效果考察体系不健全等因素制约了技术的推广。对总体发展趋势进行了展望,认为水力化煤层增透技术正朝着集成化、多元化和智能化的方向发展,加强理论研究、尽快完善装备、发展定向压裂等综合增透新技术、建立增透效果考察体系等方面是未来主要研究方向。

Taking measures to increase the permeability of coal seams is the key to solve the gas extraction problem in low permeability coal seams. The structure transform of coal-rock mass is the core issue for increasing the permeability of coal seams, while the hydraulic technology for increasing the permeability of coal seams is an effective method to transform the coal-rock structure. On the basis of previous studies and literature review, authors overviews the develop- ment of high pressure water jet technology and hydraulic fracturing technology, summarizes the research progress of the hydraulic technology for increasing the permeability of coal seams. Through analyzing the issues in theoretical research and engineering application, the authors found that many factors restrict the wide application of hydraulic technology, for instance, the mechanism of increasing permeability has not been revealed objectively, the single technology for in- creasing the permeability of coal seams has some limitations, the auxiliary equipments, especially safety guarantee sys- tem, is not perfect, the effect investigation system is not robust, etc. The authors outline the general development tend- ency and suggest that the hydraulic technology for increasing the permeability of coal seams is moving toward integra-tion, diversification and intelligence.The major research direction in the future is to strengthen theoretical research,im-prove the auxiliary equipment, develop the directional hydraulic fracturing and other new technologies, and make ro-bust effect investigation system, etc.